Nightshade Food List : Should You Avoid Them?
Are nightshades overwhelming you? Here’s your complete guide to nightshades featuring a full list, why you may want to avoid them, and substitution recipes!
Nightshade vegetables seem like healthy, nutrient-dense additions to any diet. Tomato is known as a cancer fighter, bell peppers are commended for their nutrient density, and eggplant is a common low carb swap. However, not everyone can tolerate nightshade vegetables and many deal with inflammation and aggravation of chronic illness as a result of eating nightshades.
List of Inflammatory Nightshade Vegetables & Fruits
Nightshades belong to the Solanaceae family and include thousands of edible and inedible plants.
These are the common nightshades…
- Tomatoes (all varieties, and tomato products like marinara, ketchup, etc.)
- Tomatillos
- Potatoes (white and red potatoes. However, sweet potatoes are not nightshades.)
- Eggplant
- All peppers (bell peppers, jalapeno, chili peppers, and hot peppers)
- Red spices (curry powder, chili powder, cayenne powder, red pepper)
- Paprika
- Pimentos
- Tobacco
- Goji berries
- Ground cherries (different from regular cherries)
- Ashwagandha
Common foods that are mistaken for nightshades, but are not…
- Zucchini is not a nightshade
- Sweet potato is not a nightshade
- Mushrooms are not nightshades
- Onions are not nightshades
- Black pepper is not a nightshade
Are nightshades inflammatory? Should you avoid them?
Not necessarily. Nightshade vegetables do have a lot of nutrient density on their own and can be a healthy part of a balanced diet for many. By no means would I ever suggest that the human race as a whole needs to go nightshade-free.
However, nightshades are known to be inflammatory for many and can flare up joint issues, digestive symptoms, and other inflammatory diseases. Those with the following conditions are certain groups of people that may have nightshade issues…
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Any joint issues
- Digestive issues or “IBS”
- Autoimmune disease (Hashimoto’s, graves, etc.)
Many compounds within nightshade vegetables have been shown to cause inflammation in some cases. For example, potato glycoalkaloids have been shown to impact intestinal permeability and “IBS” issues (source 1), thus, causing digestive distress as well as other related issues. Solanine (which is a glycoalkaloid) and is found in eggplant and potatoes can actually have toxic effects if eaten in excessive amounts (source 2).
Also, saponins which are found in nightshades have been shown to impair digestion and limit nutrient uptake (source 3).
Finally, capsaicin which an alkaloid found in peppers is often known to have anti-inflammatory properties, but it has also been shown to have the opposite effect (source 4).
Thus, not every food will have the same effect on every person, but there is reason to consider nightshade intolerance if certain symptoms and concerns are already an issue.
What are the common symptoms of nightshade intolerance?
Everyone is different and your symptoms will vary. But typically, you can look out for these symptoms…
- Joint pain
- Inflammation
- Fatigue
- Migraines
- Skin flares
- Digestive distress
- Flares to any preexisting conditions
Have one of these conditions but don’t feel like you have nightshade issues? I was in the same boat. I didn’t particularly feel a difference when I ate tomatoes, so why would I avoid them? Not having an obvious reaction to an inflammatory food is common, and doesn’t necessarily mean it’s not inflammatory for you. What can happen is that our body can be so inflamed that we just don’t notice the nuances anymore. That’s why elimination diets like the autoimmune protocol are the gold standard for nailing down food intolerance as they allow your body the chance to anti-inflame so you can actually determine whether or not you have a reaction when you reintroduce the food.
Many nightshade ingredients hide in otherwise healthful foods. Here’s how to spot them…
I’ve grown very accustomed to finding where the heck all of those sneaky nightshades are hiding after having entirely too many
Potato starch hides in…
- Gluten-free bread, pizza crust, crackers, and baked goods
- Some soups or other products with a thickener
Nightshade spices hide in…
- Most Mexican food
- Sausage and hot dogs (these almost always have paprika)
- Breakfast sausages
- Anything spicy… I just automatically assume there’s some nightshade in there
Tomatoes hide in…
- Vegetable broth
- Seasonings (Italian blends and others will often have tomato)
How do you substitute nightshades in recipes?
Does being nightshade-free mean that you have to live without the flavors forever? Absolutely not! There are so many ways to fake it. Here are some of my favorite substitutes for nightshade heavy dishes…
How to make substitutions for tomatoes…
- Substitutes for the marinara sauce. Make yourself homemade Nomato sauce!
- Substitute for chili. I’ve got you covered there with this instant pot nomato chili!
- Substitute for enchiladas. This zucchini chicken enchilada casserole comes with a nightshade-free enchilada sauce, which is not something you see every day at your local Mexican restaurant!
- Nightshade free lasagna Lasagna. This one pot lasagna skillet is grain-free, dairy-free, and nightshade-free! Hallelujah!
How to make substitutions for eggplant…
- Zucchini. Zucchini is a similar texture for eggplant and can be a good swap! These zucchini fries are similar-ish to eggplant parmesan! Try these Zucchini fries.
How to make substitutions for potatoes…
- Sweet Potatoes
- Plantain
- Rutabaga
How to make substitutions for red spices…
- Cumin
- Cumin is a seed spice (so, not AIP) that’s nightshade-free and has a great kick to it. One thing to note is that it’s green! I’ve made chili with cumin before and watched it turn green and was super confused… it’s the cumin!
- Black pepper
- Black pepper is also a seed spice (not AIP) but it’s not nightshade and is always a great swap to add spice.
- Turmeric
- I’m constantly using turmeric to swap for red spices. It adds color, a bit of spice, and tons of flavor! This turmeric chicken curry recipe is one of my favorites and features a nightshade-free curry.
Can nightshades intolerance be healed?
It’s 100% possible. It all depends on how your body heals, and your own bio-individuality. For someone like me, I’m not sure if I’ll ever be able to reintroduce nightshades. I just have such a gnarly reaction to red spices, peppers, and potatoes. However, tomato is the one nightshade that I can be slightly flexible in moderation.
Many people do reintroduce nightshades, but it really just depends. It may not be in the cards for everyone, but there certainly is hope! Following an elimination protocol that allows for healing and slow reintroduction like the autoimmune protocol is an amazing way to tackle this.
Regardless, I hope this list helped you see how much opportunity there is to substitute nightshades, and how to live with the intolerance!
This article was originally published in August 2018 and was updated in December of 2019.
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I’m so relieved to know there is a way to have pasta and sauce without getting sick! I really miss these flavors. I am not very sensitive to nightshade but I try to avoid them once I have Sjogren’s and Celiac disease. This article is so encouraging! It makes me feel good about my healing process. Thank you!
When I avoid nightshades, especially tomatoes (which I love), I sleep better than I have slept in 20 years. It’s amazing.
Wow John Spoolman thats AMAZING and Encouraging. I cant wait to sleep good again. Its been since 2001.
Thank you
I’ve been nightshade free for a year, tomato free for 4 years. I have such a bad sensitivity to them and I didn’t realize until a friend of mine brought it to my attention. The migraines, unexplained psoriasis flare ups, constant acid reflux, stomach pain and irritable bowels were unbearable. My life has improved so much since I removed them. I have more energy at 24 than I did as a teen. It drives me crazy when I tell people I have a nightshade allergy, and they’re like so you can’t have kale or spinach? And they always seem so sure of them self, they act like they don’t believe me if I tell them there isn’t nightshade in those vegetables. I wish people took my intolerance as serious as a gluten allergy because in my eyes my gluten is nightshade. It’s hard being so young and having this invisible illness. When all my friend are enjoying taco Tuesday, I’m over here like enjoy that. Ugh. I wish I could reintroduce nightshades into my life but I can’t risk getting sick and missing work. So let’s see how that nomato recipe is.
Bell peppers have never agreed with me. Always caused indigestion. My first gall bladder attack was caused by bell pepper. Could not even think the word without getting sick. And, have never been crazy about tomatoes. A real sacrilege in the South!! Seems my body was telling me what it could not tolerate. But I love eggplant!!
Thanks for confirming what I was thinking.
Wow. I never heard of Nightshades until now. I’ve been avoiding Spuds, Tomatoes, Peppers etc for a long time. Past cpl of days I’ve had Jkt Spud, Salad, Bread (with Peppers Tomatoes). My stomach been feeling raw, edgy. Then the feeling need to eat again.
I may be suffering from this… as my joints are aching, muscles sore, tiredness nonstop! Skin tender to touch!
Very interesting read. Thank you for your comments.
Please stop spreading false information. This diet might work for you and relieve your symptoms but it is not scientifically proven and these foods are not pro-inflammatory. See article below written by a nutrition professional:
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321745.php
My post states that those with arthritis may have issues with nightshades. It doesn’t say that they all have nightshade issues.
As for nightshades not being inflammatory, see this study where it was shown that those with preexisting IBD issues had an inflammatory response to nightshades.
Nutrition can be picked at all day from every single angle. There are very few definitive answers. I’m simply sharing general information about what some (not all) people experience and my recipe suggestions for nightshade free recipes.
Beautifully stated Michelle. There’s no one size fits all approach but as a 32 year old recently diagnosed with ra, I’ve already figured out that eliminating gluten and nightshades has improved my pain significantly and I’ve only just begun an elimination diet to figure out what causes my body more inflammation. Thank you so much for discovering and posting recipes!
Thank you so much, Elissa! I’m so glad that you’ve been able to eliminate so much pain!
Nightshades are a problem for me too. I have psoriasis and have been clear for five year. Part of my protocol involves eliminating nightshades.
It took Doctors years to listen to those who said scurvy was caused by a simple vit C deficiency. Just because there’s not a whole stack of studies (who would benefit and fund those?) does not mean the information is false.
Keep sharing Michelle.
Hanna
You should add kidney disease to this list. I have medullary sponge kidney in both kidneys and having inflammation in my kidneys is probably the most painful ever. Especially with all my stones I have embedded in them! Thank you for this page!!
Nightshades are a huge problem in my family. We are overloaded with autoimmune and inflammatory issues (lupus, crohn’s, gluten intolerance and an autoimmune disease that is attacking my brother’s liver but has no name currently) and eliminating nightshades has been our saving grace. My brother is finally off Prilosec after decades of being on it. Thank you for sharing this knowledge!
Jicama is a night shade
Jicama is not a nightshade. It’s referred to as a “Mexican potato” but it’s not actually a nightshade.
I have hidradenitis suppurativa which is an autoimmune condition effecting the sebaceous glands and removing nightshades from my diet has been the only thing that has helped. It actually put my disease into remission, which doctors previously told me was not possible.
Here is an article that has more information on alkaloids in nightshades and why this can aggravate some autoimmune conditions:
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/nightshade-vegetables#section3
I have HS too. Had it for over 20 years now and have only just recently realised nightshades for me are a real trigger. Especially potatoes ! I miss potatoes!
Try white sweet potatoes! They are very mild and taste a lot like regular potatoes..not sweet!
I too have HS and beginning my elimination process.
I know that gluten and dairy are already a no no so now for the nightshade
Praying this has some reaction, been an HS sufferer for 16 years
I suffer from what doctors call sero negative arthritis. i.ei they dont know what it is but it creates inflammation throughout my body. recently I discovered through exclusion diet that my inflammation decreases with excluding tomato and potato and increases with addition of these foods. I now avoid these but feel there is some other trigger. After seeing this atricle I am now confident that the Red spices and peppers are the most likely cause of my residual problems. Everyoe looks at me like I am crazy when I say I am “Allergic to Tomato and Potato” but this is the best way to get cooks to steer clear when I order food. Keep upo your good work informing people of POSSIBLE causes. At the end of the day each of us needs to be responsible for our own health. Even the immunology department at PA hospital have said they cannot deal with Intolerances as they do not have funding. It took me 7 years on the wait list to get to see them and 3 visits for them to discharge me.
The article you reference states, “While some people may report a worsening of symptoms when eating nightshades that contain solanine, there is no research to support that solanine has a direct effect on inflammation or arthritis pain. Instead, these symptoms may be caused by or related to a food sensitivity to the nightshade family…Despite this, if a person believes that they may have a food intolerance or food allergy to nightshades, they can remove them from their diet and make a note of any effects that this has to their symptoms.”
So I think the information provided in this blog are supported, not refuted, by the article you cite. Thank you for providing the reference and link either way so readers can be informed and decide for themselves.
I do believe the testimonies here speak for themselves.
Thank you for posting this great info and for the recipes provided. Don’t let the few negative comments stop you from sharing stuff that is useful to us that know that we have a night shade/inflammation problem.
**As for those who have no use for the info, simply click off the page! (It’s real easy!) I find a lot of things I disagree with or are just not useful to me, I certainly have not left negative comments.**
Some of us do not need scientific studies to show that we don’t have gut and auto-immune flare ups when we don’t eat night shades. It’s really that simple.
Thank you for this…
I have mixed connective tissue disease, and can assure you that nightshade vegetables are my kryptonite. I recover from gluten exposure more quickly than I do even a pinch of paprika or chili powder.
She’s not spreading misinformation. She’s helping people find answers. I don’t believe there’s a “one size fits all” diet. People must do what works for them. Thanks Michelle! Your recipes and shared Information have helped me heal.
Some people who don’t deal with autoimmune issues just won’t understand.
What symptoms do you personally attribute to nightshades?
The symptoms most commonly associated are listed here in the post 🙂
Thanks for your post and the alterative food suggestions. I found it very helpful.
Its sometimes difficult to cook flavorful meals when so many foods, including nightshades need to be eliminated from my diet due to painful symptoms associated with my Hashimoto’s disease.
So glad it was helpful, Jacki!!
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I am so glad I came across your website! I am in the beginning of the AIP Protocol for Hashimoto’s. I have been taking Ashwagandha Root for a couple weeks because I have read it is great for the thyroid, but then I have seen Ashwaghanda on some AIP lists of foods to avoid because it is considered a Nightshade. Do you have any information on this?
Rodiola is the only AIP approved adaptogen 🙂 I would work with a to figure out what other supplements would be a good idea!
Recently diagnosed with Hashimoto. Are mushrooms considered a nightshade veggie? Some lists say yes, others no.
In my own research and experience, they are not. Some may argue otherwise but I do well with them personally and see many others who have issues with nightshades but are fine with mushrooms.
Please understand what nightshades are. There’s edible nightshades that actually heal the body. Peppers for one – green peppers are unripe peppers that turn red, yellow, orange. For many it’s not necessarily the nightshade but what they are adding it to or putting on that nightshade that’s causing the issue.
I agree that for many people (the majority of people, really) nightshades aren’t an issue and have a place in a healthy diet… I mention this in the post as well. However, there are also a number of people who don’t do well with them, myself included. I’m simply sharing a resource to help those that don’t do well with nightshades.
Michelle,
This is been the MOST helpful article I have stumbled across in the past year of trying to regulate my diet due to Psoriatic Arthritis. I do not particularly know if all of these foods have a huge correlation to my inflamed joints but I am doing everything I can to help prevent inflammation. Thank you for providing this wealth of knowledge and information!
SO happy it’s helpful, Britni! Thank you for commenting 🙂
Michelle – Can you reduce the effects (maybe eliminate them) by pressure cooking the nightshades? Are you referring to lectins and how they affect individuals?
The solanine is actually more of the issue. Pressure cooking or cooking, in general, may help some people, but it really doesn’t make much of a difference in the actual chemical properties of the food.
I love tomatoes and i cried a lot when i was diagnosed with an autooimmune disease. But relieved when i read that people can do well without nightshades too. Thanks for the articles and recipes.
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I am vegetarian and suffer with pustular and plaque psoarisis for ever 20 years. Almost all of the foods on the elimination diet i have to eat as I dont eat meat. I cant do this diet but if you have any suggestions please share
It’s not for everyone, so I would work with a nutritionist to figure out the best diet for you personally.
Hi, I’m also vegetarian. Have been for 29 years. I’ve recently had to eliminate dairy because of strong sensitivites. In working with a nutritionist, I’m also eliminating gluten, soy, corn and sugar for now. Plus the nightshades due to problems with inflammation. It has been very challenging to figure out what to eat, but a whole new world that has been opened up to me. I’ve found plenty to eat once I read a lot of cookbooks and articles and asked people for info. Good luck to you!
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As I have been trying to figure out which foods trigger an IBS attack, everyone one of those on the nightshade list is a trigger, especially tomatos! I just hate this! I totally adore Mexican, Italian food and pizza! And the last time I had pizza, I had put some bell pepper on top then suffered all the next day with intense colon spasms! Won’t do that again! Thanks for the info on nightshades!
Thank you so much for this blog and for sharing your journey with us. I have been struggling with chronic fatigue and swelling for awhile now. Its gotten worse the last two weeks and needed some answers. I have hypothyroidism and was eating rice, eggs, tomatoes and many other food included in the avoid list, especially coffee. How do you get energy without drinking it? I grew up drinking coffee and never had reactions to it as I do now. I didn’t always feel this way when I ate those things, but I can feel how they trigger the symptoms worse. And I’m sure once I start my medication it’ll give me some drastic changes. I appreciate your help.
I used to drink 2-3 cups of coffee daily, but I’m completely off of it now except for the occasional cup as a treat. It is totally possible to quit coffee! It’s hard but possible! If not, tea like black tea and matcha are good alternatives.
Hi Michelle
This is a great article. I am half way through Whole 30 (4th time over 3 years) and each time, although thinking I was elliminating all foods that caused stomach distress, sore joints, I wasn’t. I refuse to accept this as getting older…I’m only 54!
I am quite sad to think nightshades could be the issue.
I am excited to embrace new cooking styles, still learning…and those hidden ‘trigger’ spices are tricky. Something gives me a ‘hangover’ type headache. Always thought it was wine, now I know different.
I would think that inflammation could cause headaches too?
Again thank you for the insight.
I’ve for sure had plenty of headaches from food sensitivities like nightshades. Everyone’s symptoms are different, but I’ve experienced that too!
Michelle, thanks for this information. It’s very helpful to understand some of the foods that may cause some of us health issues. A lot of this makes sense for those of us who know our bodies and food triggers. Traditional medicine is not always the answer has been my experience.
Had a client eat potatoes for a month straight and ended up with a clogged gallbladder.
Hello Michelle,
I also have Hashimoto / hypothyroidism and this is the first time I got to know this perspective that nightshade vegetables are not good for it.
After cutting them from your diet and reintroducing them do you only feel the difference in your body or can you also see the results on a lab test?
And just out of curiosity, do you eat gluten, dairy and eggs?
I don’t eat gluten, dairy or eggs either. I have seen changes across the board, but it’s due to more than just food for sure 🙂
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First of all thank you so much for this informative article. I was diagnosed a year ago with Hashimotos and have been a bit depressed over the things that have been taken out of my diet and not coming up with things to replace those I love. I have been told I need to be gluten free, grain free, dairy free, lentil free and nightshade free. That doesn’t leave much. Under the list of nightshades my doc included broccoli, cauliflower and mushrooms. I don’t see those in the usual nightshade list. Then someone told me that Cauliflower and broccoli were OK if they were cooked. I made a cauliflower “casserole” with a little bacon in it and baked it well. I won’t do that again as I was awake most of the night with indigestion. Thank you for your suggestions and recipes above that will enable me to make that lasagna and spaghetti again with alternative ingredients. I can’t wait to try them and learn to still eat the things we love but just altering the ingredients.
I would for sure work one on one with a nutritionist on this. Broccoli, cauliflower, and mushrooms aren’t nightshades, but cauliflower and broccoli are high-fodmap. A lot of people who have digestive issues also have fodmap issues, so that may be something to bring up to a nutritionist! Good luck!
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Thank you for this information. I have problems with most of the nightshades. Potatoes don’t seem to be problematic. Eggplant and raw tomatoes will blister the inside of my mouth and make it peel. Bell peppers and cooked tomatoes will give me terrible indigestion, same with lots of spicy foods. Having options for replacement foods is awesome.
These are my favorite dishes. At the same time, I am referring to nutrient-rich foods for strong hair
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I noticed years ago that tomatoes cause me to break out – as in ACNE..I have rosacea and tomatoes make it flare up. I can have cooked tomatoes/sauce every now and then..but fresh is a no-no and if I eat tomato-based foods too often (3+ times/week)..my skin suffers. Thanks for sharing this info!
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I am quite sad to think nightshades could be the issue.
I am excited to embrace new cooking styles, still learning…and those hidden ‘trigger’ spices are tricky. Something gives me a ‘hangover’ type headache. Always thought it was wine, now I know different.
I now avoid these but feel there is some other trigger. After seeing this atricle I am now confident that the Red spices and peppers are the most likely cause of my residual problems.
I now avoid these but feel there is some other trigger. After seeing this atricle I am now confident that the Red spices and peppers are the most likely cause of my residual problems.
Thanks for all this info. I have eliminated nightshades for over a year now. I woke up today with the same pain in my body that made me eliminate them and found out (after having a new smoothie mix yesterday) that goldenberries/physalis are nightshades. Who’d have known 🙂
So glad i found this! Im doing Whole30 to help me figure out my ibs issues and have always had headaches and diarrhea after eating red peppers in particular among other foods that aren’t nightshades. I will eliminate all of these too and see how that helps. Also, you mentione “white” potatoes including red. Does thag also include the purple and types they refer to as “gold” or is it just russet and red potoatoes
Good question! Yes, all potato varieties except for sweet potato are nightshades 🙂
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Why does the AIP website say to avoid cumin?
Cumin is a seed spice and is not AIP compliant for the elimination phase.
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Thanks for info!
Hi – thanks for your recipes! I have saved the link and will definitely be trying some of them. So many recipes involve cooked tomatoes and capsicum and I just can’t tolerate it – I get a searing pain in the middle of my chest. The Dr simply prescribed Lo-Sec, but it’s more than that. I’ve suffered with inflammatory tendonitis for years (oka Fibromyalgia: though I don’t think that’s an accurate diagnosis tbh). It also explains why I have always avoided pizzas, mince dishes, sausages, soups, and other staple things. Cutting out my beloved potatoes is going to be hard in the extreme though.
But anyway, would you have an answer as to why I can tolerate raw tomatoes and capsicum and not cooked?
From my own research, it can be fairly common to tolerate foods raw and not cooked, and then vice versa. Cooking does change the food a lot so it not uncommon to experience this. Some food sensitivity tests even test both raw/cooked food for this reason.
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Great article, I am one of those people who gets really unwell (joint pain & oddly – depression) with nightshades especially with Aubergine/eggplant & bell peppers.
I am going to a NeurocranioRestructuring Doctor who works with a medical median and they recommend that I stop eating nightshades. I was hoping to find some tasty substitution for them and like a miracle, I saw your site. Just what I was looking for substitutions for nightshades. Thanks.
So glad it was helpful!! Thank you!
Thanks for this information. I have a violent reaction to capsicum (bell peppers) but will now try to eliminate all nightshades to see if residual gastric irritation improves. Stay safe and all the very best to you both as you welcome your baby.